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The #define creates a macro, which is the association of an identifier or parameterized identifier with a token string. After the macro is defined, the compiler can substitute the token string for each occurrence of the identifier in the source file.

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Syntax

#defineidentifiertoken-string_opt
#defineidentifier(identifier_opt, ... ,identifier_opt)token-string_opt

Remarks

The #define directive causes the compiler to substitute token-string for each occurrence of identifier in the source file. The identifier is replaced only when it forms a token. That is, identifier is not replaced if it appears in a comment, in a string, or as part of a longer identifier. For more information, see Tokens.

The token-string argument consists of a series of tokens, such as keywords, constants, or complete statements. One or more white-space characters must separate token-string from identifier. This white space is not considered part of the substituted text, nor is any white space that follows the last token of the text.

A #define without a token-string removes occurrences of identifier from the source file. The identifier remains defined and can be tested by using the #if defined and #ifdef directives.

The second syntax form defines a function-like macro with parameters. This form accepts an optional list of parameters that must appear in parentheses. After the macro is defined, each subsequent occurrence of identifier( identifier_opt, ..., identifier_opt ) is replaced with a version of the token-string argument that has actual arguments substituted for formal parameters.

Formal parameter names appear in token-string to mark the locations where actual values are substituted. Each parameter name can appear multiple times in token-string, and the names can appear in any order. The number of arguments in the call must match the number of parameters in the macro definition. Liberal use of parentheses guarantees that complex actual arguments are interpreted correctly.

The formal parameters in the list are separated by commas. Each name in the list must be unique, and the list must be enclosed in parentheses. No spaces can separate identifier and the opening parenthesis. Use line concatenation — place a backslash () immediately before the newline character — for long directives on multiple source lines. The scope of a formal parameter name extends to the new line that ends token-string.

When a macro has been defined in the second syntax form, subsequent textual instances followed by an argument list indicate a macro call. The actual arguments that follows an instance of identifier in the source file are matched to the corresponding formal parameters in the macro definition. Each formal parameter in token-string that is not preceded by a stringizing (#), charizing (#@), or token-pasting (##) operator, or not followed by a ## operator, is replaced by the corresponding actual argument. Any macros in the actual argument are expanded before the directive replaces the formal parameter. (The operators are described in Preprocessor operators.)

The following examples of macros with arguments illustrate the second form of the #define syntax:

Arguments with side effects sometimes cause macros to produce unexpected results. A given formal parameter may appear more than one time in token-string. If that formal parameter is replaced by an expression with side effects, the expression, with its side effects, may be evaluated more than one time. (See the examples under Token-Pasting Operator (##).)

The #undef directive causes an identifier's preprocessor definition to be forgotten. See The #undef Directive for more information.

If the name of the macro being defined occurs in token-string (even as a result of another macro expansion), it is not expanded.

A second #define for a macro with the same name generates a warning unless the second token sequence is identical to the first.

Microsoft Specific

Microsoft C/C++ lets you redefine a macro if the new definition is syntactically identical to the original definition. In other words, the two definitions can have different parameter names. This behavior differs from ANSI C, which requires that the two definitions be lexically identical.

For example, the following two macros are identical except for the parameter names. ANSI C does not allow such a redefinition, but Microsoft C/C++ compiles it without error.

On the other hand, the following two macros are not identical and will generate a warning in Microsoft C/C++.

END Microsoft Specific

This example illustrates the #define directive:

The first statement defines the identifier WIDTH as the integer constant 80 and defines LENGTH in terms of WIDTH and the integer constant 10. Each occurrence of LENGTH is replaced by (WIDTH + 10). In turn, each occurrence of WIDTH + 10 is replaced by the expression (80 + 10). The parentheses around WIDTH + 10 are important because they control the interpretation in statements such as the following:

After the preprocessing stage the statement becomes:

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which evaluates to 1800. Without parentheses, the result is:

which evaluates to 280.

Microsoft Specific

Defining macros and constants with the /D compiler option has the same effect as using a #define preprocessing directive at the start of your file. Up to 30 macros can be defined by using the /D option.

END Microsoft Specific

See also

Dev-C++ is a free full-featured integrated development environment (IDE) distributed under the GNU General Public License for programming in C and C++. It was originally developed by Colin Laplace and first released in 1998. It is written in Delphi.

It is bundled with, and uses, the MinGW or TDM-GCC 64bit port of the GCC as its compiler. Dev-C++ can also be used in combination with Cygwin or any other GCC-based compiler.^[1]

DevPaks[edit]

An additional aspect of Dev-C++ is its use of DevPaks: packaged extensions on the programming environment with additional libraries, templates, and utilities. DevPaks often contain, but are not limited to, GUI utilities, including popular toolkits such as GTK+, wxWidgets, and FLTK. Other DevPaks include libraries for more advanced function use. Users of Dev-C++ can download additional libraries, or packages of code that increase the scope and functionality of Dev-C++, such as graphics, compression, animation, sound support and many more. Users can create DevPaks and host them for free on the site. Also, they are not limited to use with Dev-C++ - the site says 'A typical devpak will work with any MinGW distribution (with any IDE for MinGW)'.

Development status[edit]

From February 22, 2005 the project was not noticeably active, with no news posted nor any updated versions released. In a 2006 forum post, lead developer Colin Laplace stated that he was busy with real-life issues and did not have time to continue development of Dev-C++.^[2] In a 2020 forum post, Orwell lead developer Johan Mes stated that he 'will probably still not have any time to work on this project'.^[3]

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There are three forks of Dev-C++ since then: wxDev-C++, the Orwell version, and the Embarcadero fork version.

wxDev-C++ version[edit]

wxDev-C++ is a development team that has taken Dev-C++ and added new features such as support for multiple compilers and a RAD designer for wxWidgets applications.^[4]

Orwell version[edit]

On June 30, 2011 an unofficial version 4.9.9.3 of Dev-C++ was released by Orwell (Johan Mes), an independent programmer,^[5] featuring the more recent GCC 4.5.2 compiler, Windows' SDK resources (Win32 and D3D), numerous bugfixes, and improved stability. On August 27, after five years of officially being in a beta stage, version 5.0 was released.^[6] This version also has its own separate SourceForge^[7] page since version 5.0.0.5, because the old developer isn't responding to combining requests. In July 2014, Orwell Dev-C++ 5.7.1 was released featuring the then recent GCC 4.8.1 which supports C++11.

Embarcadero version[edit]

On July 1, 2020 a new fork version 5.50 of Dev-C++ was sponsored and released by Embarcadero featuring a code upgrade to Delphi 10.4. On October 12, 2020 a new fork version 6.0 of Dev-C++ was sponsored and released by Embarcadero with a more recent GCC 9.2.0 compiler with C++11 and partial C++20 support, new high DPI support, UTF8 file support, upgraded icons, dark theme, and additional changes.^[8]

Notable uses[edit]

On May 4, 2015, The Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong posted his Sudoku solver program in C++ on Facebook. In his screen shot, he's using Microsoft Windows and Dev-C++ as his IDE.^[9]

It is often recommended for beginners learning C or C++,^{[10][11][12][13][14][15]} and is available on Wine.^[16] It is compared with Turbo C++^[17] or other IDEs.^[18]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Textcolor En Dev C++ Mp3

1. ^'Bloodshed Software - Providing Free Software to the internet community'. bloodshed.net. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
2. ^'Dev-C++'. sourceforge.net. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
3. ^'Orwell Dev-C++'. sourceforge.net. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
4. ^[http://wxdsgn.sourceforge.net/?q=node/19
5. ^Orwell. 'Dev-C++ Blog'. orwelldevcpp.blogspot.com. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
6. ^Orwell. 'Dev-C++ Blog'. orwelldevcpp.blogspot.com. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
7. ^orwelldevcpp. 'Dev-C++'. SourceForge. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
8. ^Embarcadero. 'Embarcadero Dev-C++'. GitHub. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
9. ^'Prime Minister of Singapore shares his C++ code for Sudoku solver'. Ars Technica. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
10. ^https://www.evl.uic.edu/aspale/dvl/dev-cpp/
11. ^https://chortle.ccsu.edu/bloodshed/howtogl.html
12. ^http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/web/aca_naturalsciences_cis/STARTDev.pdf
13. ^https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programming_Fundamentals/Integrated_Development_Environment/Dev-C%2B%2B
14. ^https://ece.uwaterloo.ca/~dwharder/aads/Tutorial/devcpp.html
15. ^https://www.instructables.com/Your-First-Program-in-C-1/
16. ^https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=5960
17. ^https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-turbo-c-and-dev-c/
18. ^https://www.reddit.com/r/cpp_questions/comments/5o7w29/pros_and_cons_dev_c_vs_codeblocks_vs_others/

External links[edit]

• Official website
• Dev-C++ on SourceForge.net
• Orwell Dev-C++ on SourceForge.net

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